KEY TAKEAWAYS
- Ethereum’s Fusaka hard fork introduces a per-transaction gas limit cap of approximately 16.78 million gas, enhancing security and efficiency.
- This change aims to prevent DoS attacks and improve parallel processing without affecting the overall block gas limit.
- Developers must ensure their contracts comply with the new cap to avoid invalid transactions post-Fusaka activation.
- The update is part of Ethereum’s transition towards parallel execution, promising higher throughput in future forks.
The Ethereum network is set to implement a significant change with the upcoming Fusaka hard fork, introducing a per-transaction gas limit cap as outlined in EIP-7825. This update establishes a hard upper bound of 2²⁴ gas, approximately 16.78 million gas, per transaction. The change is already live on the Holesky and Sepolia testnets and will activate on the mainnet with the Fusaka fork.
Previously, a single transaction could consume the entire block gas limit, which is around 45 million gas. This posed potential risks for denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and hindered parallel execution. The new cap aims to improve block packing efficiency and facilitate better parallel processing in future execution environments. Importantly, this cap does not affect the overall block gas limit but restricts the gas usage of individual transactions.
Impact on Developers and Users
For most Ethereum users, this change will have minimal impact, as the majority of transactions already fall well below the 16 million gas threshold. However, developers and users who rely on very large transactions should verify that their contracts and transaction builders conform to the new cap. Transactions exceeding this limit will be invalid once Fusaka is activated.
Particularly affected will be certain contracts and deployment scripts that perform batch operations, which may exceed the new limit. Developers maintaining infrastructure that generates transactions close to the previous block gas limit are advised to review the empirical impact analysis available here.
Transition Towards Parallel Execution
The introduction of the per-transaction gas limit cap is part of Ethereum’s ongoing transition toward parallel execution. While it may require some adjustments from developers, it establishes a safer and more predictable foundation for higher throughput in future forks. All major client implementations, including Geth, Erigon, Reth, Nethermind, and Besu, have incorporated this change in their Fusaka-ready releases.
Developers and ecosystem teams are encouraged to test on public testnets before the mainnet activation and to follow discussions in AllCoreDevs and Ethereum Magicians for upcoming Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs). The full discussion and rationale for the gas limit introduced in EIP-7825 can be found here. Further insights are available in a PEEPanEIP episode featuring Giulio from Erigon, accessible here.
Why This Matters: Impact, Industry Trends & Expert Insights
The Ethereum network’s Fusaka hard fork introduces a per-transaction gas limit cap, aiming to improve scalability and efficiency by setting a maximum of 16.78 million gas per transaction.
Recent industry reports indicate that the Fusaka upgrade is a strategic move to enhance Ethereum’s scalability and infrastructure. This aligns with the network’s broader efforts to improve transaction efficiency and security, as demonstrated by the successful test phases on networks like Holesky and Sepolia.
A report from AINvest highlights the Fusaka upgrade’s focus on increasing Ethereum’s transaction throughput and scalability, particularly through the implementation of EIP-7825. This supports the network’s transition toward more efficient parallel execution, which is crucial for maintaining Ethereum’s competitive edge in the blockchain ecosystem.
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